Mariupol Ukraine Information
Mariupol or, sometimes, Mariupolis (Ukrainian: Маріуполь, pronounced [mariˈupʌlʲ]; Russian: Мариу́поль; Greek: Μαριούπολη), formerly known as Zhdanov (Ukrainian and Russian: Жда́нов), is a port city in southeastern Ukraine. It is located on the coast of the Azov Sea, at the mouth of the Kalmius River. Mariupol is the largest city in Priazovye - a geographical region around Azov Sea, divided by Russia and Ukraine - and is also a popular sea resort. Administratively, the city is located in the Donetsk oblast and historically formed a part of the broader Donbas region. As of July 1, 2009, the city population stood at 492,450 people.
Mariupol is an important industrial center and seaport. Two of its steel mills - Ilyich Iron and Steel Works and Azovstal - are among the largest in the country and make up a significant part of Ukraine's total exports.[citation needed] «Azovmash», a machine-building concern, located in Mariupol, is the largest company of its kind in Ukraine. Overall, Mariupol industry accounts for 37.5% of Donetsk oblast’s total exports and about 7.0% of all Ukraine’s exports.
History
From 1948 to 1989 the city was named Zhdanov in honor of Andrei Zhdanov and has historically had a relatively large Greek minority.Mariupol was known from the beginning of the 16th century as the Cossack fortress Kalmius, but only became a real city after the migration of the Crimean Greeks to Priazovye from 1778 - 1780.
In 1779 it became the first city in the present Donetsk Oblast to receive city status. The railway, a new big port, and a metal works appeared at the end of the 19th century. The city has undergone much industrialization, such as the appearance of a large "Azovstal" plant. Mariupol was occupied by Nazi Germany from (1941 - 1943). Now it is a major center of industry in the Donetsk Oblast, but also a resort destination. It is recognized as the center of Greek culture in the Ukraine.
About the history of the city one can learn at the Regional Museum, the Museum of Local Lore with traditional for these lands Polovtsy stone sculptures and the Museum of Ethnography. Twenty five monuments from the Neolithic Age (VIII c B.C.) notably burial grounds have been discovered near Mariupol. There is also an Art Exhibition that bears the name of the famous Russian landscape painter Arkhip Kuinji (1842-1910) who was born in Mariupol in a Greek family. He lacked a formal education, but his eminent gift helped him to attain a notable success in art. His teacher at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts was another Great Greek – famous marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky.
Geography
Mariupol is to the south of the Donetsk area, on the coast of the Azov Sea, in a mouth of the river Kalmius. The city occupies an area of 166.0 km (103.1 mi) ² (64 mi²) (with suburbs, i.e. the territories subordinated to the Mariupol city council – 244.0 km (151.6 mi) ² (94.2 mi²)). The down-town area is 106.0 km (65.9 mi) ² (40.9 mi²), the area of parks and gardens is 80.6 km (50.1 mi) ² (31.1 mi²). The city is mainly built on land that is made of Solonetzic chernozems, with a significant amount of underground subsoil waters that frequently leads to landslides.
Climate
There is a moderate-continental climate with recurring droughts and dry winds in the summer and thawing weather, fogs - in the winter. Annual precipitation is 400 mm (15.75 in) a year. Agro climatic conditions allow the cultivation in suburbs of Mariupol thermophilic agricultural crops with long vegetative periods (sunflower, melons, grapes etc). However water resources in the region are insufficient, and consequently ponds and water basins are used for the needs of the population and industry. Direction of a wind in the winter mainly east, in the summer - northern.
Average temperature of air in January +22, 6°F (-5.2 °C), in July +72, 9°F (+ 22, 7 °C). Quantity of deposits – 450 mm annually.
Absolute maximum of temperature of air in the summer is +104°F (+40°C); a minimum in the winter is -25.6°F (-32°C).
Economy / Industry
In Mariupol there are 56 industrial enterprises under various patterns of ownership. The industry of the city is diverse, among which the city's heavy industry is dominant. Mariupol is home to the major steel mills (including some globally important) and chemical plants; there is also an important seaport and a railroad junction. The largest enterprises are "Ilyich Iron and Steel Works", "Azovstal", Concern "Azovmash", and the Mariupol Sea Trading Port. There are also shipyards, fish canneries, and the various educational institutions relating to the study of metallurgy and science.
The total industrial production of the city for eight months in 2005 (January - August) was 21378.2 million hyenas, i.e. 4.233 billion USD (compared to 1999 - 6169.806 million hyenas, i.e. 1.222 billion USD). This is 37.5% of the total production for Donetsk Oblast. The leading business of the city is in ferrous metallurgy, which makes up 93.5% of the city's income from industrial production. The output estimates in millions tones of iron, steel, rolled iron, and agglomerate annually.
Ilyich Mariupol steel and iron works ("Mariupol Metallurgical Combine named Ilyich") is an integrated mill, with all the facilities for a full metallurgical cycle. Housing around 100 thousand of workers, in Ukraine it is the second in size only after "Kryvorizhstal". The company is the collective property of the society of tenants (Joint-Stock Company "Ilyich-steel"; with about 37,000 worker-shareholders). The head of the board of enterprise is the People's Deputy, Volodymyr Boyko.
The enterprise has many structural divisions: Management of public catering and trade ("УОПТ", a network of 52 enterprises), a chemist's network "Ilyich-Pharm", more than 50 agro shops (former collective farms of the south of Donetsk and Zaporizhia Oblasts), the office of the Komsomol Mines, various machine-building enterprises in the Azovstal is another integrated mill ("Combine"), the third largest in Ukraine in terms of gross revenue. Its production varies in millions of tones of pig-iron, steel, and rolled iron annually. The company's general director is Oleksiy Bilyi. Azovstal is closely connected with the Mariupol coke works "Markokhim", which serves as the supplier of coke.
Azovmash ("Concern") is the largest machine-building enterprise in Ukraine specializing in production of equipment for mining-metallurgical complexes, tank cars, port cranes, boilers, fuel-fillers etc. The President is Oleksandr Savchuk. The enterprise formally owened by state was privatized by System Capital Management, a Donetsk financial and economic group.
Azov ship-repair factory ("АСРЗ") is the largest enterprise of its class on the Sea of Azov, also owned by System Capital Management. Mariupol sea trading port " is the largest sea post in the eastern Ukraine through which is accomplished a great deal of transportations of various products such as coal, metal, products of mechanical engineering, varieties of ores and grains from and to different cities such as Donetsk, Kharkov, Luhansk, and the near regions of the Russian Federation.
Transportation
In city there are buses, trolley buses, trams, fixed-route taxi. Mariupol is connected by the railway, sea transport and the airport with many cities, ports and the countries of the world. Urban electric transport ("MTTU", Mariupol Tram-trolleybus management):
A trams, street-cars (since 1933) - 12 routes (machines of type КТМ-5 and КТМ-8 work),
Trolley buses (since 1970) - 14 routes (machines of type: Skoda 14Тr, ZIU-10, ZIU-9, YuMZ T-1, and YuMZ T-2).
Buses - mainly the private minibuses which are carrying out transportation in city, on suburban and long-distance routs.
Road service station (which includes transportations to Taganrog, Rostov-upon-Don, Krasnodar, Kyiv, Odessa, Yalta, Dnepropetrovsk are carried out etc.) and a suburban auto station (with routes mainly to Pershotravnevy, Volodarsky and areas of Donetsk oblast).
Railway station "Mariupol ". The city is connected by the railway to Donbass (the Direction of trains being: Moscow, Kyiv, Lviv, Saint Petersburg, Mensk, Bryansk, Voronezh, Kharkov, Poltava, and Slavyansk-na-Kubani).
International airport Mariupol (the property Ilyich Mariupol steel and iron works).
After extensive renovation, the airport has become one of the major developing airports in Ukraine. Its current capacity - 200 passengers per hour... The airport is located 5 km from the city. With its advantageous geographical location and being on the extreme south-eastern Ukraine, on the border with Russia, he becomes an airlift of large industrial and industrial city and seaport on the Azov Sea, linking it to other regions of the country.
Black Sea: Mariupol area
The long Azov Sea coastline from Crimea to the Ukraine-Russia border runs through Ukraine's continental steppe zone. Notable resorts are Primorsk, Berdyansk, Mariupol (Ukraine's 10th largest city), and Novoazovsk. This coastline is less developed for tourism than Crimea's South Shore and is similar to the Black Sea coastline near Odessa.
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